• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
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    • 专利摘要:
    The present invention relates to the use of a base modified biomass as bedding for animals in a stable, wherein said base modified biomass is obtainable by a process comprising the following processing steps: i) providing an amount of stems originating from one or more plant species; ii) subjecting said stems originating from one or more plant species to a cutting operation in order to obtain an amount of length reduced stems; iii) optionally subjecting said length reduced stems to a milling operation in order to obtain an amount of stem meal; iv) subjecting said length reduced stems or stem meal to a pressing operation in order to obtain an amount of compressed biomass; v) cooling said compressed biomass in order to obtain an amount of compressed biomass pellets; vi) subjecting said compressed biomass pellets to a roller operation in order to obtain an amount of said base modified biomass; characterized in that said biomass originating from one or more plant species furthermore at a point during the processing steps i) to vi) is subjected to a base treatment. The invention furthermore relates to a feedstock for use as feeding in a biogas reactor, said feedstock resulting from the use according to the invention and comprises a base modified biomass and manure from one or more animals.
    公开号:DK201300573A1
    申请号:DK201300573
    申请日:2013-10-10
    公开日:2015-04-20
    发明作者:Hans Henrik La Cour
    申请人:Cour Administration As；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    Use of a base modified biomass as bedding for animals Field of the invention
    The present invention relates in a first aspect to the use of a base modified biomass as a bedding for animals in a stable. In a second aspect, the present invention relates to a feedstock for use as feed in a biogas reactor. In a third aspect, the present invention relates to the use of such a feedstock according to the second aspect for producing methane. In a fourth aspect, the present invention relates to a method of producing methane.
    Background of the invention
    Within the field of agriculture and farming it is common practice to keep animals, such as pigs and cattle in stables well protected from the ambient weather and predators. A stable may comprise a number of stalls, each stall comprising one or a few animals, or a pooled housing with lots of animals. In modern stables the floor is made of concrete. In order to provide a certain amount of comfort to the animals as well as providing absorption of animal manure, the concrete floor is covered with a kind of bedding. Traditionally, bedding in the form of a layer of straw, such as wheat straw, has been used. At regular intervals the bedding will have to be removed and replaced with new and unused bedding because the straw becomes contaminated with the animal's manure.
    Although the use of straw has proven to satisfy its purpose from the animal's perspective, the use of straw and the associated necessity of manually removing and replacing used straw bedding with new and fresh straw bedding is a rather laborious task.
    In order to alleviate the problems associated with the use of straw as being in stall boxes, an alternative type of bedding has been invented.
    In DK utility model registration, number DK 2006 00314 U3 is disclosed a bedding for animals comprising straw materials which have been cut and sterilized at temperatures of 140 to 150 ° C, and which has subsequently been pressed briquettes and subsequently emptied into smaller fragments. The resulting product is a fluffy granular straw product.
    This granular straw product has the advantage that it can be blown into the animals by using a pumping mechanism. In modern, the farm worker simply drives a small vehicle pulling a trailer comprising a load of straw granule. The trailer or vehicle carries the pump and the straw granule will be blown into the stall box automatically while the farm worker is driving the vehicle along the housed animals.
    The use of a granular straw product instead of traditional straw bedding accordingly saves a considerable amount of time in providing bedding for the animals.
    However, the use of straw granule nevertheless implies some disadvantages.
    Due to the fluffy nature of the straw granule and the associated low density, it has been found that using the blowing technique it is often not possible to cover the entire floor area with an even layer of granulated straw. It seems that the low density of the straw particles prevents each individual straw granule particle from gaining enough momentum in order to overcome the air resistance in its way to the most distant parts of the floor. Hence, the result is that an odd layer of straw particles is provided below the animals, thus resulting in a relatively high concentration of straw particles below the closest animals and a rather smaller concentration below the most distant animals.
    Such an even distribution of bedding is not optimal for the animals in respect of the comfort and health of the animals. This is particularly true in situations where the animals are resting in a lie down position and especially in case the animals are confined in stall boxes. Accordingly, some redistribution of the bedding is needed after the bedding has been blown into the stall boxes or the loose housing floor.
    Another problem with the straw granule is that although some straw granule products in their production have been subjected to a mechanical dust reducing operation, a considerable amount of dust still remains in the straw granule.
    Hence, upon blowing the straw granules into the stall boxes a considerable amount of dust is liberated and distributed throughout the stable.
    Such dust may pose a health risk to the animals as well as to the persons working in the stables.
    Accordingly, an improved product for use as a bedding for animals in a stable is needed.
    In Journal of the Association of Nordic Agricultural Researchers 3, 1973, page 314 discloses a method for producing fodder for animals, such as ruminants, from straw or other lignocellulosic materials. The fodder is in the form of pellets and is prepared by treating straw with alkali and by pressing the straw and alkali together at a pressure of several hundred atm. The alkali used may be sodium hydroxide. Use of the alkali treated straw as a bedding for animals is not disclosed.
    Brief description of the invention
    The above disadvantages have been overcome by the present invention in its first, second, third and fourth aspects, respectively.
    The present invention relates in a first aspect to the use of a base modified biomass as a bedding for animals in a stable, said base modified biomass is obtainable by a process comprising the following processing steps: i) providing an amount of stems originating from one or more plant species; ii) subjecting said stems originating from one or more plant species to a cutting operation in order to obtain an amount of length reduced stems; iii) optionally subjecting said length reduced stems to a milling operation in order to obtain an amount of stem meal; iv) subjecting said length reduced stems or stem meal to a pressing operation in order to obtain an amount of compressed biomass; v) cooling said compressed biomass in order to obtain an amount of compressed biomass pellets; vi) subjecting said compressed biomass pellets to a roller operation in order to obtain an amount of said base modified biomass; characterized in that said biomass originating from one or more plant species furthermore at a point during the processing steps i) to vi) is subjected to a base treatment.
    In a second aspect the present invention relates to a feedstock for use as feed in a biogas reactor for the purpose of producing methane, said feedstock comprises a combination of a base modified biomass as defined according to the first aspect of the present invention and manure from one or more animals.
    In a third aspect, the present invention relates to the use of a feedstock as defined in accordance with the second aspect of the present invention, for the production of methane.
    In a fourth aspect, the present invention relates to a method of producing methane, said method comprising: a) providing a base modified feedstock as defined in accordance with the first aspect of the present invention; b) using said base modified feedstock obtained in step (a) as bedding for one or more animals in a stable; c) allowing said base modified feedstock to mix and partially absorb manure from one or more of said one or more animals located in said stable, thus obtaining a feedstock for use as feed in a biogas reactor; d) feeding said feedstock obtained in step c) to a biogas reactor; e) allowing microorganisms in said biogas reactor to convert said biogas feedstock into methane and optionally other products; f) collecting said methane obtained in step e).
    It has surprisingly been found that even though the base modified plant biomass for use according to the present invention has been subjected to no mechanical or other type of dust reducing processing, the dust formation during handling of this product in a stable is far, far lower than that encountered in respect of the prior art non-base treated granular straw material, even if this prior art straw material has been subjected to a dust reducing processing such as a mechanical dust reducing processing.
    Furthermore, preliminary results have surprisingly shown that the methane yield, based on dry matter straw material, in a biogas reactor can be increased considerably, up to a factor of 2, when using a mixture of manure and the base modified granular biomass as biogas reactor feedstock, compared to the situation where a mixture of raw straw and manure is used as feedstock.
    Compared to raw straw which has absorption capacity of 1 - 2 times its own weight, the base modified biomass when used according to the first aspect of the present invention, is capable of absorbing approximately up to 5 times its own weight.
    Drawings
    FIG. 1 is a diagram schematically illustrating the principle and various aspects of the present invention.
    Detailed description of the invention
    The first aspect of the present invention
    In a first aspect, the present invention relates to the use of a base modified biomass as bedding for animals in a stable, said base modified biomass is obtainable by a process comprising the following processing steps: i) providing an amount of stems originating from one or more plant species; ii) subjecting said stems originating from one or more plant species to a cutting operation in order to obtain an amount of length reduced stems; iii) optionally subjecting said length reduced stems to a milling operation in order to obtain an amount of stem meal; iv) subjecting said length reduced stems or stem meal to a pressing operation in order to obtain an amount of compressed biomass; v) cooling said compressed biomass in order to obtain an amount of compressed biomass pellets; vi) subjecting said compressed biomass pellets to a roller operation in order to obtain an amount of said base modified biomass; characterized in that said biomass originating from one or more plant species furthermore at a point during the processing steps i) to vi) is subjected to a base treatment.
    Accordingly, the first aspect of the present invention relates to the use of a biomass product as bedding for animals in a stable. The biomass product is a base modified biomass product obtainable by the processing steps outlined above.
    In one embodiment of the first aspect of the present invention, the base used for the base treatment is selected from the group consisting of: NaOH, Na2CO3, Ca (OH) 2, Na2S03, and NH3.
    In theory any base may be used. The bases mentioned above have proven to be suitable for the intended use and at the same time they are fairly cost efficient.
    It is preferred that the base is added as an aqueous solution. However, NH3 may be added as a pressurized gas.
    In one embodiment of the first aspect of the present invention, in the manufacture of said base modified biomass, said base treatment has been performed prior to the cutting operation of step ii); or said base treatment has been performed after said cutting operation of step ii), but prior to or during said milling operation of step iii); or said base treatment has been performed after said milling operation of step iii) but prior to or during said pressing operation of step iv); or said base treatment has been performed after said pressing operation of step iv).
    The addition of the base may be performed at any stage of the manufacturing process of the base modified biomass. However, it is preferred that the base treatment is performed during or prior to the pressing step. The reason for this is that any residual water will be evaporated by the heat generated during pressing, thus leaving a product having a water content not too high.
    In one embodiment of the first aspect of the present invention, in the manufacture of said base modified biomass, the amount of base added to the biomass originating from one or more plant species amounts to a base strength corresponding to the base strength of 0.1 - 10 moles OHTkg dry matter plant stems, such as 0.2 - 8 OHTkg dry matter plant stems, for example 0.4 - 6 OHTkg dry matter plant stems, such as 0.6 - 4 OHTkg dry matter plant stems, for example 0.8-2 OHTkg dry matter plant stems .
    The above rank related to base strength or base concentration has proven to provide the desired effect of the resulting modified biomass product. However, it is contemplated that base strength or base concentration above or below these ranges will also be applicable.
    In one embodiment of the first aspect of the present invention, said base modified biomass comprises an amount of residual base of 1 - 8% (wt / wt), such as 2 - 7% (wt / wt), such as 3 -6 % (wt / wt), for example 4 - 5% (wt / wt) based on dry matter of the plant material.
    It would be convenient that the base modified biomass does not contain too much residual base, in case the animals decide to eat the bedding material. The above ranges have proven suitable in this respect.
    In one embodiment of the first aspect of the present invention, the amount of base modified biomass used as bedding per livestock unit is 100 - 2000 g, such as 200 - 1900 g, for example 300 - 1800 g, such as 400 - 1700 g , eg 500 - 1600 g, such as 600 - 1500 g, e.g. 700 - 1400 g, for example 800 - 1300 g, such as 900 - 1200 g or 1000 - 1100 g.
    In one embodiment of the first aspect of the present invention, said base modified biomass comprising an amount of stems originating from one or more plant species selected from the group comprising: wheat straw, rye straw, barley stray, oatmeal straw, seed grass straw.
    These species have proven beneficial for the intended purpose.
    In one embodiment of the first aspect of the present invention the use is for bedding for an animal selected from the group comprising: cattle; pigs; horses; poultry, such as chickens; furred animals, such as mink.
    These species animals will benefit from using said base modified biomass.
    In one embodiment of the first aspect of the present invention said base modified base modified biomass is in a granular form and / or in the form of flakes.
    These physical appearances of the base modified biomass will be preferred.
    In one embodiment of the first aspect of the present invention, in the manufacture of said base modified biomass, the optional step iii) of subjecting said length reduced stems to a milling operation is included; or in the manufacture of said base modified biomass, the optional step iii) of subjecting said length reduced stems to a milling operation is not included. A milling operation will further reduce particle size of the base modified biomass. However, in case the previous step of cutting has been very thorough, it may not be necessary to include a milling operation. On the other hand, it will be desirable to obtain as large as possible surface in order to secure an efficient reaction of the plant material with the base.
    The second aspect of the present invention
    In a second aspect the present invention relates to a feedstock for use as feed in a biogas reactor for the purpose of producing methane, said feedstock comprises a combination of a base modified biomass as defined in respect of the first aspect of the present invention and manure from one or more animals.
    In one embodiment of the second aspect of the present invention, the percentage of said base modified biomass is 2 - 98% (wt / wt), such as 4 - 96% (wt / wt), e.g. 6-94% (wt / wt), for example 8 - 92% (wt / wt), such as 10 - 90% (wt / wt), for example 12 - 88% (wt / wt), such as 14 - 86% (wt / wt), for example 16 - 84% (wt / wt), eg 18 - 82% (wt / wt), such as 20 - 80% (wt / wt), such as 22 - 78, such as 24 - 76% (wt / wt), for example 26 - 74% (wt / wt) ), such as 28 - 72% (wt / wt), for example 30 - 70% (wt / wt), eg 32 - 68% (wt / wt), such as 34-66% (wt / wt), such as 36 - 64% (wt / wt), such as 38 - 62% (wt / wt), e.g. 40 - 60% (wt / wt), for example 42 - 58% (wt / wt), such as 44 - 56% (wt / wt), for example 46 - 54% (wt / wt), such as 48 - 50% (wt / wt).
    In one embodiment of the second aspect of the present invention, manure from one or more animals originates from animals selected from the group comprising: cattle; pigs; horses; poultry, such as chickens; furred animals, such as mink.
    The above ranges of content of the base modified biomass and the above defined species of origin of the animal manure will work well for a feedstock for use for feeding a biogas reactor.
    The third aspect of the present invention
    In a third aspect, the present invention relates to the use of a feedstock according to the second aspect of the present invention for the production of methane.
    In one embodiment of the second aspect of the present invention said feedstock is collected in a stable and fed into a biogas reactor.
    The fourth aspect of the present invention
    In a second aspect, the present invention relates to a method of producing methane, said method comprising: a) providing a base modified feedstock as defined in respect of the first aspect of the present invention; b) using said base modified feedstock obtained in step (a) as bedding for one or more animals in a stable; c) allowing said base modified feedstock to mix and partially absorb manure from one or more of said one or more animals located in said stable, thus obtaining a feedstock for use as feed in a biogas reactor; d) feeding said feedstock obtained in step c) to a biogas reactor; e) allowing microorganisms in said biogas reactor to convert said biogas feedstock into methane and optionally other products; f) collecting said methane obtained in step e).
    Referring now in detail to the drawing for the purpose of illustrating the present invention the various aspects and principles are schematically outlined in FIG. 1 shows the way of processing plant stems in order to produce methane.
    First, cellulosic or lignocellulosic biomass in the form of plant stems are modified into a base modified biomass. The modification involves cutting the plant stems into size-reduced plant stem fragments, followed by pressing. The pressing of the size-reduced plant stem fragments results in pellets or briquettes of size-reduced plant stem fragments. These fragments are subsequently subjected to a rolling operation in which the fragments are allowed to pass two rolls. In this way the size-reduced plant stem fragments are obtaining a granular or flake-like appearance.
    Prior to the pressing step and subsequent to the cutting step, a milling step may optionally be included, as illustrated by the term "milling" in brackets in fig. First
    The choice of whether or not to include a milling step depends on the degree of size reduction in the previous cutting step. In case the cutting step produces a cut biomass having a sufficiently small average particle size, the milling step may not be necessary. However, in many cases it will be most efficient to first subject the plant stems to a cutting operation followed by a milling operation in which a stem meal will be obtained. The important issue in this respect is to make sure that the plant material will be provided with a very large surface area upon which the base may act.
    During one or more of the operations of cutting, milling, pressing and rolling, the plant stem biomass is subjected to a base treatment. The base is preferably added to the plant stem biomass as an aqueous solution. The base may comprise an aqueous solution of ammonia, sodium hydroxide, calcium hydroxide, sodium carbonate, sodium sulfite, or mixtures thereof, or any other base suitable for the purpose. Ammonia may also be added as a pressurized gas.
    The base treatment may take place at various points in the mechanical processing of the plant stems. It has been found advantageous to add the base as an aqueous solution during or before the pressing step because frictional heat evolved during the pressing operation may result in evaporation of residual water originating from the aqueous solution of the base.
    As indicated in FIG. 1, subsequent to the pressing step of the plant stem biomass, a cooling step is involved. The cooling step serves the purpose of curing or hardening the compressed biomass so that it will not reversibly return to a non-compressed state. Furthermore, the cooling step also helps in removing residual water. Still further, the cooling step prevents the final product to self-ignite during storage.
    The base modified biomass is used in a first aspect of the present invention as a bedding for one or more animals. The use of a base modified straw material has the advantages that due to its larger density it will be possible to obtain a much better and even distribution of the granular and base treated straw material compared to the prior art use of non-base treated granular straw, when the granular straw material is blown into the stall boxes or under the animals by means of a pump or a blower.
    Furthermore, it has been found that even though the modified base-treated granular straw biomass has been subjected to no mechanical or other type of dust reducing processing, the dust formation during handling in a stable is far, far lower than that encountered in respect of the prior art non-base treated granular straw material, even if this prior art straw material has been subjected to a dust reducing processing, such as a mechanical dust reducing processing like separation of dust into a cyclone, and even if the base modified biomass has not been subjected to such dust removal process.
    When the base modified biomass is used as bedding for one or more animals, the biomass will naturally within a short period of time be contaminated and mixed with animal manure comprising urine and faeces, while the base modified granular biomass will at least partially absorb constituents of the manure. The cellulose "cells" of the base modified biomass are compressed when used as bedding for animals. It has been found that upon contact with moisture these compressed "cells" will regain their original shape and hence be able to absorb large amounts of moisture.
    However, such a mixture of the base modified granular biomass and manure can very advantageously be used as a feedstock for a biogas reactor.
    It has been common practice for a number of years to use manure mixed with raw straw bedding, obtained from animals housed in stables as a feedstock in a biogas reactor for the purpose of producing methane.
    If such feedstock for a biogas reactor comprises uncut or raw straw mixed with manure, it will be necessary for the biogas reactor plant to mechanically decompose the manure mixed straw to a pulpy condition which can be pumped into the reactor. This is important because otherwise various forms of clogging of the straw will result in the processing path of the straw through the biogas reactor.
    The use of a mixture of the base modified granular biomass and manure as a feed stock in a biogas reactor implies a number of advantages.
    First, the fine structure of the mixture of the base modified granular biomass and manure ensures that this mixture can easily be pumped into the biogas reactor, optionally via a simple mixer into which additional manure is added or into which recirculated reactor slurry is added.
    Secondly, expenses in purchasing, installing and maintaining mechanical equipment for decomposing raw straw prior to feeding into the biogas reactor can be avoided altogether.
    Thirdly, preliminary results have surprisingly indicated that the methane yield, based on dry matter straw material, in a biogas reactor can be increased considerably, up to a factor of 2, when using a mixture of manure and base modified biomass is used as feedstock, compared to the situation where non-granular biomass such as raw straw mixed with animal manure is used as feedstock for the biogas reactor.
    Accordingly, the additional expenses incurred by consumption of base in the manufacture of the base modified granular biomass is more than outweighed by the value of increased methane yield in a subsequent processing in a biogas reactor.
    Furthermore, compared to the situation where non-base treated, granular biomass is used as a bedding and subsequently fed to a biogas reactor, the methane yield of the feedstock for a biogas reactor according to the third aspect of the present invention (i.e. the feedstock comprising a base modified biomass and animal manure) is increased by 10-20%.
    Examples
    Example 1 - Preparation of the modified biomass for use according to the first aspect of the present invention 3,000 kg of modified biomass in the form of base treated plant stems is prepared. The preparation used 2850 kg wheat straw with a dry matter content of 85% (wt / wt).
    The wheat straw is chopped in a straw shredder provided by R K M Agro Technic in order to convert the straw into a straw biomass having a size-reduced stem length. The straw shredder had previously been modified to be electrically driven instead of being mechanically driven. Furthermore, the shredding rollers had been provided with knives. In the shredder the wheat straw is chopped into stem lengths of 1 - 10 cm.
    The size-reduced straw biomass is subjected to a milling process in a hammer mill of the brand Champion. The product originating from the hammer mill can be characterized as a straw meal. The straw meal was subsequently moved by means of an auger to a Kahl pellet press. The auger is equipped with an inlet. Through the inlet is added 97 kg of NaOH dissolved in 263 kg of water (corresponding to a commercially available 27% NaOH solution). The rotary motion of the auger provides for thorough mixing of the straw meal and the NaOH solution. The mixed straw meal and NaOH solution is then pressed into pellets in a pellet press.
    The pellets exiting the pellet press are, due to the compression, steaming hot and in order to cool and thereby cure the biomass material of the pellets, the pellets are immediately after exiting the pellet press cooled in an air cooler provided with a fan and a cooling compressor allowing a chilled breeze of air to blow over the pellets.
    The obtained pellets are subsequently allowed to pass a pair of rollers rotating at different angular velocities. The final product of the base modified biomass is obtained in the form of flakes.
    The water content of the product amounts to 16% (wt / wt).
    The bulk density of the product is approximately 650 kg / m3.
    Example 2 ('comparative')
    The experiment of Example 1 is repeated. However, no base was added to the wheat straw biomass during this process.
    Further, the product is this example subjected to a mechanical dust removal operation, involving a cyclone.
    The bulk density of the product is approximately 600 kg / m3.
    Example 3 - Use of product or example 1 as bedding
    The product from example 1 is used as a bed for cattle in a stable. The bedding is blown into each stall box by means of a pump arranged on a trailer of a small vehicle which is driven down the aisle of the stable.
    No considerable formation of dust is observed. The bedding upon being blown into the stall boxed distributes itself evenly on the area of the flooring of the stall boxes. Cows are allowed to use the modified straw biomass as a bedding for four days, thus resulting in a feedstock for a biogas reactor, comprising a mixture of animal manure and the base modified straw biomass.
    Example 4 (comparative) Use of product or example 2 as bedding
    The experiment of Example 3 is repeated. However, in the experiment, the product prepared in Example 2 is used. A considerable dust formation is observed upon blowing the product into the stall boxes. Furthermore, the straw biomass tends to concentrate in the area of the stall boxes nearest to the aisle. Accordingly, an incomplete distribution of the straw biomass within each stall box is observed.
    Example 5 - Use of feedstock or invention as feed in a biogas reactor
    After using the base modified biomass as bedding for cows for four days, the cows have provided manure to the bedding, thus resulting in the feedstock for a biogas reactor according to the present invention. A controlled amount of the feedstock allowing assessment of the exact ratio of base modified straw biomass to manure is fed directly into a laboratory scale biogas reactor. The biogas reactor is set in a standard mode and is allowed to process the base modified straw biomass for 90 days. The production of methane is monitored.
    This experiment reveals that a considerable increase in methane production is obtained, based on dry matter weight of the bedding, when using a bedding as prepared according to Example 1, compared to using traditional raw straw. Furthermore, the experiment reveals that the termination of digestion of the biomass by the methane producing bacteria occurs much sooner compared to using raw straw mixed with manure. Accordingly, the total processing time for the feedstock material comprising a base modified biomass and animal manure in the biogas reactor is 25 days or less, whereas the total processing time for the material comprising raw straw mixed with animal manure is up to 90 days.
    权利要求:
    Claims (16)
    [1] 1. Use of a base modified biomass as bedding for animals in a stable, wherein said base modified biomass is obtainable by a process comprising the following processing steps: i) providing an amount of stems originating from one or more plant species; ii) subjecting said stems originating from one or more plant species to a cutting operation in order to obtain an amount of length reduced stems; iii) optionally subjecting said length reduced stems to a milling operation in order to obtain an amount of stem meal; iv) subjecting said length reduced stems or stem meal to a pressing operation in order to obtain an amount of compressed biomass; v) cooling said compressed biomass in order to obtain an amount of compressed biomass pellets; vi) subjecting said compressed biomass pellets to a roller operation in order to obtain an amount of said base modified biomass; characterized in that said biomass originating from one or more plant species furthermore at a point during the processing steps i) to vi) is subjected to a base treatment.
    [2] 2. Use according to claim 1, wherein the base used for the base treatment is selected from the group comprising: NaOH, Na2C03, Ca(OH)2, Na2S03, NH3.
    [3] 3. Use according to claim 1 or 2, wherein in the manufacture of said base modified biomass, said base treatment has been performed prior to the cutting operation of step ii); or wherein said base treatment has been performed after said cutting operation of step ii), but prior to or under said milling operation of step iii); or wherein said base treatment has been performed after said milling operation of step iii) but prior to or under said pressing operation of step iv); or wherein said base treatment has been performed after said pressing operation of step iv).
    [4] 4. Use according to any of the claims 1-3, wherein in the manufacture of said base modified biomass, the amount of base added to the biomass originating from one or more plant species amounts to a base strength corresponding to the base strength of 0.1 - 10 moles OHTkg dry matter plant stems, such as 0.2 - 8 OHTkg dry matter plant stems, for example 0.4 - 6 OHTkg dry matter plant stems, such as 0.6 - 4 OHTkg dry matter plant stems, for example 0.8 - 2 OHTkg dry matter plant stems.
    [5] 5. Use according to any of the claims 1-4, wherein said base modified biomass comprises an amount of residual base of 1 - 8 % (wt/wt), such as 2 - 7 % (wt/wt), such as 3 - 6 % (wt/wt), for example 4 - 5 % (wt/wt) based on dry matter of the plant material.
    [6] 6. Use according to any of the claims 1-5, wherein the amount of base modified biomass used as bedding per livestock unit is 100 - 2000 g, such as 200 - 1900 g, for example 300 -1800 g, such as 400 - 1700 g, e.g. 500 - 1600 g, such as 600 - 1500 g, e.g. 700 - 1400 g, for example 800 - 1300 g, such as 900 - 1200 g or 1000 - 1100 g.
    [7] 7. Use according to any of the claims 1 - 6, wherein said base modified biomass comprising an amount of stems originating from one or more plant species selected from the group comprising: wheat straw, rye straw, barley stray, oatmeal straw, seed grass straw
    [8] 8. Use according to any of the claims 1-7, wherein is for an animal selected from the group comprising: cattle; pigs; horses; poultry, such as chickens; furred animals, such as mink.
    [9] 9. Use according to any of the claims 1-8, wherein said base modified base modified biomass is in a granular form and/or in the form of flakes.
    [10] 10. Use according to any of the claims 1-9, wherein in the manufacture of said base modified biomass, the optional step iii) of subjecting said length reduced stems to a milling operation is included; or wherein in the manufacture of said base modified biomass, the optional step iii) of subjecting said length reduced stems to a milling operation is not included.
    [11] 11. A feedstock for use as feeding in a biogas reactor for the purpose of producing methane, said feedstock comprises a combination of a base modified biomass as defined in any of the claims 1-10 and manure from one or more animals.
    [12] 12. A feedstock according to claim 11, wherein the percentage of said base modified biomass is 2 - 98 % (wt/wt), such as 4 - 96 % (wt/wt), e.g. 6 - 94 % (wt/wt), for example 8 - 92 % (wt/wt), such as 10 - 90 % (wt/wt), for example 12 - 88 % (wt/wt), such as 14 - 86 % (wt/wt), for example 16 - 84 % (wt/wt), e.g. 18 - 82 % (wt/wt), such as 20 - 80 % (wt/wt), such as 22 - 78, such as 24 - 76 % (wt/wt), for example 26 - 74 % (wt/wt), such as 28 - 72 % (wt/wt), for example 30 - 70 % (wt/wt), e.g. 32 - 68 % (wt/wt), such as 34 - 66 % (wt/wt), such as 36 - 64 % (wt/wt), such as 38 - 62 % (wt/wt), e.g. 40 - 60 % (wt/wt), for example 42 - 58 % (wt/wt), such as 44 - 56 % (wt/wt), for example 46 - 54 % (wt/wt), such as 48 - 50 % (wt/wt).
    [13] 13. A feedstock according to claim 11 or 12, wherein said manure from one or more animals originates from animals selected from the group comprising: cattle; pigs; horses; poultry, such as chickens; furred animals, such as mink.
    [14] 14. Use of a feedstock according to any of the claims 11-13 for the production of methane.
    [15] 15. Use according to claim 14, wherein said feedstock is collected in a stable and fed into a biogas reactor.
    [16] 16. A method of producing methane, said method comprising: a) providing a base modified feedstock as defined in any of the claims 1-13; b) using said base modified feedstock obtained in step a) as bedding for one or more animals in a stable; c) allowing said base modified feedstock to mix and partly absorb manure from one or more of said one or more animals located in said stable, thus obtaining a feedstock for use as feeding in a biogas reactor; d) feeding said feedstock obtained in step c) to a biogas reactor; e) allowing microorganisms in said biogas reactor to convert said biogas feedstock into methane and optionally other products; f) collecting said methane obtained in step e).
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    DK178504B1|2016-04-18|
    DE102014114727A1|2015-04-16|
    引用文献:
    公开号 | 申请日 | 公开日 | 申请人 | 专利标题
    GB2252709A|1991-01-29|1992-08-19|Unilever Plc|Animal bedding|
    EP1792536A2|2005-12-01|2007-06-06|Tobias Brändle|Process and device for manufacturing an animal litter from miscanthus.|
    US20080283468A1|2007-05-15|2008-11-20|John William Logan|Method, composition and apparatus for high temperature production of methane from poultry waste|
    DK200600314U3|2006-11-30|2007-05-25|Nielsen Jan|Bedding|CN106376520A|2016-08-26|2017-02-08|南丹县水产畜牧兽医局|Beef cattle breeding method|
    法律状态:
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    DK201300573|2013-10-10|
    DKPA201300573A|DK178504B1|2013-10-10|2013-10-10|Use of a base modified biomass as bedding for animals|DKPA201300573A| DK178504B1|2013-10-10|2013-10-10|Use of a base modified biomass as bedding for animals|
    DE201410114727| DE102014114727A1|2013-10-10|2014-10-10|Use of a base-modified biomass as storage litter for animals|
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